The transnationalization of the Black condition was a constitutive moment for modernity, with the Atlantic serving as its incubator.
After Independence, a class of Creole Whites asserted and consolidated their influence. Old
questions of heterogeneity, difference, and liberty were once again posed, with new elites using the ideology of mestizaje to deny and disqualify the racial question. The contribution of Afro-Latins and Black slaves to the historical development of South America has been, if not erased, at least
severely obscured.
So, I say, all that 19th century literature is about the consolidation of that class, and this is why it is so confusing.
Axé.
coldhearted scientist وداد 