Richard Price, ed., Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas (Garden City, New York, 1973), p. 20; C. L. R. James, The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution (rev. ed., New York, 1963), pp. 17, 19: both Toussaint L’Ouverture and Henri Christophe were the sons of African chieftains. Is this why they were good fighters and organizers?
Axé.
coldhearted scientist وداد 
It’s all speculative, but I thought at least part of their strength was that they were well grounded in both cultures that would be in contention — what I call the Moses phenomenon. By knowing the French as well as they did, they were better able to strategize for victory for the Africans.